TL;DR

Founder vesting is the mechanism by which founders earn their equity over time. The standard is a 4-year vesting schedule with a 1-year cliff. Vesting is not optional — investors will require it, and co-founders should want it.

What Is Founder Vesting?

Founders earn their equity over time rather than owning it all immediately. If a founder leaves before fully vested, unvested shares are returned to the company.

Why Vesting Matters

For co-founders: Prevents a departing co-founder from keeping all their shares

For investors: Ensures founding team is committed long-term

For the company: Unvested shares can be reissued to new hires

The Standard Vesting Schedule

4-year vesting with a 1-year cliff:

  • Cliff: No shares vest for first 12 months
  • Month 12: 25% of shares vest
  • Months 13–48: 1/48 of total shares vest per month

Example: 4,000,000 shares → 1,000,000 at month 12, then 83,333/month through month 48

Acceleration Provisions

Single trigger: Unvested shares vest upon change of control (acquisition)

Double trigger (market standard): Unvested shares vest only if (1) change of control AND (2) founder terminated without cause or resigns for good reason within 12 months post-acquisition

The 83(b) Election

File with the IRS within 30 days of receiving restricted stock. Causes taxation at grant (near zero value) rather than at vesting (potentially high value).

Missing the 83(b) deadline is one of the most costly founder mistakes — it cannot be corrected after 30 days.

Key Takeaways

Key Takeaways
  • Standard founder vesting: 4 years with a 1-year cliff.
  • Vesting protects co-founders, investors, and the company from early departures.
  • Double trigger acceleration is the market standard — single trigger is too generous.
  • File an 83(b) election within 30 days of receiving restricted stock.
  • Investors will require founder vesting — negotiate the terms, not the existence.