TL;DR

R&W insurance transfers indemnification risk from seller to insurer. It has become standard in mid-market M&A, enabling sellers to achieve cleaner exits and buyers to pursue claims without damaging the post-closing relationship.

What Is R&W Insurance?

R&W insurance transfers the risk of seller representation breaches from the seller to an insurance company. Instead of pursuing the seller for breaches, the buyer claims against the insurance policy.

How R&W Insurance Works

Buy-side policy (most common): Buyer purchases the policy. Claims against insurance, not seller.

Coverage: Unknown breaches of seller representations, losses from post-closing breaches, defense costs

Exclusions: Known breaches (disclosed in data room), forward-looking statements, fraud, certain regulatory matters

Key Policy Terms

  • Retention (deductible): Typically 1% of enterprise value, stepping down to 0.5% after 12 months
  • Policy limit: Typically 10–20% of enterprise value
  • Premium: Typically 2–4% of the policy limit (0.2–0.8% of enterprise value)
  • Policy period: 3 years for general reps. 6 years for fundamental reps and tax

When R&W Insurance Makes Sense

  • Transactions above $20M enterprise value
  • Private equity-backed transactions (PE sellers want clean exits)
  • Competitive auction processes
  • When seller wants to distribute proceeds immediately post-closing

Impact on Deal Dynamics

  • Sellers can negotiate lower escrow amounts (or no escrow)
  • Sellers can distribute proceeds to shareholders immediately post-closing
  • Buyers have a creditworthy counterparty for indemnification claims
  • Post-closing relationships are less adversarial

Key Takeaways

Key Takeaways
  • R&W insurance transfers indemnification risk from seller to insurer.
  • Buy-side policies are most common — buyer claims against the policy, not the seller.
  • Retention is typically 1% of EV; policy limit is 10–20% of EV; premium is 2–4% of limit.
  • R&W insurance enables sellers to achieve cleaner exits with lower escrow requirements.
  • Most commonly used in transactions above $20M enterprise value.